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film growth by laser evaporation

См. также в других словарях:

  • Pulsed laser deposition — (PLD) is a thin film deposition (specifically a physical vapor deposition, PVD) technique where a high power pulsed laser beam is focused inside a vacuum chamber to strike a target of the desired composition. Material is then vaporized from the… …   Wikipedia

  • Thin film — A thin film is a layer of material ranging from fractions of a nanometer (monolayer) to several micrometers in thickness. Electronic semiconductor devices and optical coatings are the main applications benefiting from thin film construction. A… …   Wikipedia

  • Thin-film deposition — is any technique for depositing a thin film of material onto a substrate or onto previously deposited layers. Thin is a relative term, but most deposition techniques allow layer thickness to be controlled within a few tens of nanometers, and some …   Wikipedia

  • Epitaxy — refers to the method of depositing a monocrystalline film on a monocrystalline substrate. The deposited film is denoted as epitaxial film or epitaxial layer. The term epitaxy comes from a Greek root ( epi above and taxis in ordered manner ) which …   Wikipedia

  • Hormone replacement therapy (male-to-female) — Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for transgender and transsexual people replaces the hormones naturally occurring in their bodies with those of the other sex. However, not all cases of hormone replacement therapy are used by transgendered people …   Wikipedia

  • Earth Sciences — ▪ 2009 Introduction Geology and Geochemistry       The theme of the 33rd International Geological Congress, which was held in Norway in August 2008, was “Earth System Science: Foundation for Sustainable Development.” It was attended by nearly… …   Universalium

  • Nanoparticle — In nanotechnology, a particle is defined as a small object that behaves as a whole unit in terms of its transport and properties. Particles are further classified according to size[1] : in terms of diameter, coarse particles cover a range… …   Wikipedia

  • Nobel Prizes — ▪ 2009 Introduction Prize for Peace       The 2008 Nobel Prize for Peace was awarded to Martti Ahtisaari, former president (1994–2000) of Finland, for his work over more than 30 years in settling international disputes, many involving ethnic,… …   Universalium

  • Heat transfer — is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the exchange of thermal energy from one physical system to another. Heat transfer is classified into various mechanisms, such as heat conduction, convection, thermal radiation, and phase change …   Wikipedia

  • Crystallization — Crystallizing and Crystallized redirect here. For the action adventure video game, see Crystalis. For the 2009 song by The xx, see Crystalised. For other uses, see Crystallization (disambiguation). Crystallization …   Wikipedia

  • irrigation and drainage — ▪ agriculture Introduction  artificial application of water to land and artificial removal of excess water from land, respectively. Some land requires irrigation or drainage before it is possible to use it for any agricultural production; other… …   Universalium

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